Aurora Borealis Color FAQs, Answered by an Expert

How Do Auroras Form?

Auroras occur when charged particles from the sun interact with Earth's magnetic field. As these particles approach Earth, they are deflected towards the poles, where they collide with atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, causing them to glow.

Where Can I See Auroras?

Auroras can be seen in high-latitude regions near the Arctic and Antarctic circles. Some of the best places to see them include Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Antarctica.

What Causes Aurora Colors?

The color of an aurora depends on the type of atom or molecule that is being hit by the charged particles. Oxygen atoms produce green and red auroras, while hydrogen atoms produce blue and violet auroras.

Green

Green is the most common color of aurora borealis. It is produced when charged particles collide with oxygen atoms in the atmosphere. The wavelength of green light is around 557 nanometers.

Red

Red auroras are less common than green auroras. They are produced when charged particles collide with oxygen atoms in the upper atmosphere. The wavelength of red light is around 630 nanometers.

Blue and Violet

Blue and violet auroras are the rarest colors of aurora borealis. They are produced when charged particles collide with hydrogen atoms in the atmosphere. The wavelength of blue light is around 486 nanometers, and the wavelength of violet light is around 434 nanometers.